Neisseria meningitidis an overview sciencedirect topics. Symptomatic vaginal infection by neisseria meningitidis. Asymtomatic carriage of neisseria meningitidis and neisseria lactamica in relation to streptococcus. Invasive meningococcal disease neisseria meningitidis. The rationale for this study is to test the hypothesis that the healthmap informatics tools can complement epidemiological data captured by traditional surveillance monitoring systems for meningitis due to neisseria meningitides n. The human species is the only natural host of neisseria meningitidis, an important cause of bacterial meningitis globally, and, despite its association with devastating diseases, n.
Improved sensitivity and ease of diagnostic testing, as well as increased. Cellular and molecular biology of neisseria meningitidis. This report describes the events surrounding occupational transmission of n. Immunology and vaccinepreventable diseases pink book. Transmission of neisseria meningitidis among asymptomatic military recruits and antibody analysis volume 109 issue 2 d. Because transmission of n meningitidis results mainly in asymptomatic carriage, evaluation of oropharyngeal carriage can be helpful to. Neisseria meningitidis is immediately reportable on first knowledge or suspicion of the diagnosis due to the potential need for prophylaxis of close contacts within 24 hours of suspected diagnosis suspicion is normally based on gram stain results see table on page 4. There are bacteria types of germs that can cause bacterial meningitis. Background primary meningococcal conjunctivitis is assumed to be due to the direct inoculation of neisseria meningitidis into the conjunctival sac from an exogenous source. Carriage and transmission of neisseria meningitidis springerlink. These results suggest dissemination of this clonal complex among lowrisk patients. Nndss data reported by the 50 states, new york city, the district of columbia, and the u. Despite the fact that the meningococcus is a pathogen of global significance, causing the severe syndromes of meningitis and septicemia, it is a.
Neisseria meningitidis is the major cause of seasonal meningitis epidemics in the african. A few case reports describe symptomatic infection with neisseria n meningitidis, an organism with potential for causing systemic disease with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. Towards understanding the epidemiology of neisseria meningitidis. Because transmission of n meningitidis results mainly in asymptomatic carriage, evaluation of oropharyngeal carriage can be helpful to understand the epidemiology and transmission of n meningitidis and, in. Ceftriaxone given in a single intramuscular dose is effective in eradicating carriage. Carriage and transmission of neisseria meningitidis request pdf. Csf, blood are to be investigated in accordance with the communicable disease reporting rule 410 iac 12. Appropriate suspending vehicle or syrup vehicle can be used for liquid suspension rifampin orders. Changes in neisseria meningitidis disease epidemiology in the. Asymptomatic carriage of neisseria meningitidis and neisseria lactamica was studied in a total of 2,969 healthy infants and children in danbury, conn.
Clients who are identified as exposed contacts and recommended to receive postexposure prophylaxis should be directed to an appropriate resource to receive their pep. Ciprofloxacin, administered to adults in a single oral dose is effective in. Carriage and transmission of neisseria meningitidis. We demonstrate by using wholegenome sequencing orogenital transmission of a n. The value of monitoring antimicrobial resistance is particularly significant for neisseria meningitidis and neisseria gonorrhoeae diseases, even if it is for different reasons. During periods of endemic disease, about 10 % of the general population harbour neisseria meningitidis in the nasopharynx. Neisseria meningitidis w5, turkey volume 10, number 5. Refer to the help section for more detailed instructions. Neisseria gonorrhoeae and neisseria meningitidis are the two pathogenic members of the neisseria genus. With effective antimicrobial drug treatment, the recipient has little risk for bacteremia after transplantation of organs from donors dying of n. We describe a patient who presented with fulminant meningitis secondary to symptomatic vaginitis in which n. Most carrier isolates are shown to lack capsule production. These pathogen safety data sheets, regulated under workplace hazardous materials information system whmis legislation, are produced for personnel working in the life sciences as quick safety reference material relating to infectious microorganisms.
Neisseria meningitidis the bacterium neisseria meningitidis, the meningococcus, is identical in its staining and morphological characteristics to neisseria gonorrhoeae. See the article acute urethritis due to neisseria meningitidis group a acquired by orogenital contact. Genomic content of neisseria species journal of bacteriology. Neisseria meningitidis georgia department of public health. Meningitis arises upon inflammation of the meninges, which consists of the membrane that envelops and protects the central nervous system. The neisseria meningitidis capsule is important for intracellular survival in human cells. Abcs personnel routinely contacted all microbiology laboratories serving acute care hospitals in their area to identify cases. Stuart1 neisseria meningitidis carriage was compared in swab specimens of nasopharynx, tonsils, and saliva taken from.
Background information on transmission of meningococcal infection in the african meningitis belt is scarce. About 1 in 10 people have these bacteria in the back of their nose and throat without being ill. Household transmission of neisseria meningitidis in the. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 1.
Orogenital transmission of neisseria meningitidis causing. Neisseria meningitidis is a gramnegative, either an encapsulated or unencapsulated, aerobic diplococcus with a kidney or coffeebean shape. Doctors call septicemia a bloodstream infection caused by neisseria meningitidis meningococcal septicemia or meningococcemia. Pdf surveillance for neisseria meningitidis disease. Neisseria meningitidis sequence type 11 is an emerging cause of urethritis. Occupational transmission of neisseria meningitidis california, 2009.
Jul 18, 2019 data from mathematical models suggest that kissing and saliva exchange during sexual activity might be major contributors to community gonorrhoea morbidity. Neisseria meningitidis is a gramnegative diplococcus bacterium that is responsible for endemic and epidemic meningococcal meningitis and fulminant meningococcemia munford 2001. Improved sensitivity and ease of diagnostic testing, as well as increased screening for extragenital. Analysis of the pilq secretin from neisseria meningitidis by. Transmission of neisseria meningitidis among asymptomatic military recruits and antibody analysis. Neisseria meningitidis university of wisconsinmadison. Because transmission of n meningitidis results mainly in asymptomatic carriage, evaluation of oropharyngeal carriage can be helpful to understand the epidemiology and transmission of n meningitidis. Single particle averaging was carried out with a total data. Surveillance for neisseria meningitidis disease activity and transmission using information technology. These guidelines provide comprehensive information on epidemiology and standard techniques for diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control of meningococcal. Working with meningococci in vitro and performing manipulations where aerosols may be generated may result in laboratory acquired infections if appropriate safety precautions are not taken. Meningococcal meningitis is an acute form of bacterial meningitis caused by neisseria meningitidis. Neisseria meningitidis medical management empiric antibiotic treatment after appropriate cultures are obtained treatment with penicillin alone recommended after confirmation of n.
The bacterium is referred to as a coccus because it is round, and more specifically, diplococcus because of its tendency to form pairs. It is a serious condition that can be life threatening. Meningococcal disease can refer to any illness that is caused by a type of bacteria called neisseria meningitidis. Transmission via direct contact with respiratory secretions of a nasopharyngeal carrier most common cause of bacterial meningitis in individuals 218 years approximately 3000 cases each year mortality rates 10% 10% of survivors with severe morbidity mental retardation hearing loss loss of limbs.
Neisseria meningitidis meningococcus infectious disease a grampositive coccus which is part of the normal nasopharyngeal flora. Neisseria meningitidis about neisseria meningitidis is a bacterium hosted only by humans and is a leading cause of bacterial meningitis in the united states. Maternofetal transmission and perinatal sepsis caused by neisseria meningitidis are rare events despite an awareness that this organism colonizes the female genital tract. Mortality can be very high if the infection is not treated appropriately, and longterm sequelae can be severe even in successfully managed cases. He called it diplococcus intracellularis meningitidis because of the presence of the organism within leukocytes from the spinal fluid. The bacterium neisseria meningitidis, also called meningococcus, causes meningococcal meningitis. Surveillance for neisseria meningitidis disease activity and. Occupational transmission of neisseria meningitidis. Pilq is a member of the secretin family of outer membrane proteins and is specifically involved in secretion of type iv pili in neisseria meningitidis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, and pseudomonas aeruginosa. Neisseria meningitidis material safety data sheet infectious substances section i infectious agent name. Although there is little evidence to support this, it provokes discussion of the potential role of the oropharynx in gonorrhoea control.
Neisseria meningitidis definition of neisseria meningitidis. Children younger than 5 years are at greatest risk, followed by teenagers of high school age. We describe the first case of neisseria meningitidis w5 meningitis in turkey. Todars online textbook of bacteriology chapter on pathogenic neisseriae, agents of gonorrhea, neonatal ophthalmia, and meningococcal meningitis. Jan 15, 2010 in the period 19982007, a total of 2262 cases of meningococcal disease were reported from abcs sites. Meningococcal meningitis, meningococcal infection, cerebrospinal fever, meningococcemia. Neisseria meningitidis haemophilus influenzae streptococcus pneumoniae streptococcus pyogenes group a strep neisseria meningitidis is immediately reportable on first knowledge or suspicion of the diagnosis due to the potential need for prophylaxis of close contacts within 24 hours of suspected diagnosis suspicion is. Neisseria meningitidis is a major cause of septicaemia and meningitis. Meningococcal disease five major serogroups a, b, c, y, and w5 transmission via direct contact with respiratory secretions of a nasopharyngeal carrier. Household transmission of neisseria meningitidis in.
Neisseria meningitidis endotoxin and capsule transmission by. Some of the leading causes of bacterial meningitis in the united states include haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus, listeria and neisseria meningitidis. Guidance for public health management of meningococcal disease. The strain was genotypically unrelated to the clone wet37, isolated from hajj pilgrims in 2000. Neisseria gonorrhoeae, also known as gonococcus singular, or gonococci plural is a species of gramnegative diplococci bacteria isolated by albert neisser in 1879. The epidemiology and serogroup distribution can change very quickly. Transmission of neisseria meningitidis among asymptomatic. When someone has meningococcal septicemia, the bacteria enter the bloodstream and multiply, damaging the walls of the blood vessels. Breaches in infection control, notification delays, and lack of worker exposure assessment and postexposure chemoprophylaxis pep likely contributed to secondary cases.
Neisseria meningitidis is an exclusive human pathogen. Pdf neisseria meningitidis b vaccines researchgate. In scotland please refer to national infection prevention control manual for scotland. A case of heterosexual transmission of neisseria meningitidis group a by fellatio, which resulted in acute purulent urethritis in the male partner, is presented. Meningococcal disease neisseria meningitidis disease. It causes the sexually transmitted genitourinary infection gonorrhea as well as other forms of gonococcal disease including disseminated gonococcemia, septic arthritis, and gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum. May 31, 2019 bacteria called neisseria meningitidis cause meningococcal disease. The emotional impact of a mistaken diagnosis of gonococcal infection and the need to treat. There are more than 500,000 reported cases of meningococcal disease per year, with an estimated annual death toll of 5,000 zimmer and stephens 2004. The organism was first recognized by weichselbaum in 1887 in the spinal fluid of six patients with acute cerebrospinal meningitis. This organism is panmitic so virulent clones transformed with new genetic material can emerge and cause severe outbreaks.
This pathogen may also cause overwhelming sepsis, purpura fulminans, or rarely benign meningococcemia. Neisseria meningitidis is an aerobic, gramnegative diplococcus that causes meningococcal diseases such as meningococcemia and bacterial meningitis. Meningococcal meningitis, caused by neisseria meningitidis bacteria, is of particular importance due to its potential to cause large epidemics. Part of the explanation for this phenomenon is the fact that meningitis due to neisseria meningitidis tends to strike young, previously well individuals and can progress over a matter of hours to death. Meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges, the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. Infection with neisseria meningitidis can produce a variety of clinical manifestations, ranging from transient fever and bacteremia to fulminant disease with death ensuing within hours of the onset of clinical symptoms. Safe laboratory handling of neisseria meningitidis. Routine throat or nasopharyngeal culture of contacts is not helpful in determining who warrants chemoprophylaxis. Select up to three search categories and corresponding keywords using the fields to the right. The estimated united states average annual incidence of meningococcal disease was 0. Meningococcal disease is a contagious infection spread by close contact, such as living with or kissing an infected person.
Full text get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 384k, or click on a page image below to browse page by page. Health, general disease transmission prevention reports meningitis, cerebrospinal risk factors meningococcal meningitis neisseria meningitidis investigations patient outcomes occupational diseases. Neisseria meningitidis, often referred to as meningococcus, is a gramnegative bacterium that can cause meningitis and other forms of meningococcal disease such as meningococcemia, a lifethreatening sepsis. Population structure and capsular switching of invasive neisseria meningitidis isolates in the premeningococcal conjugate vaccine eraunited states, 20002005. The investigation shall include collecting case information, obtaining laboratory. Meningococcal meningitis, meningococcal infection, cerebrospinal fever, meningococcemia characteristics. On the basis of w5 transmission rates and epidemiologic. Household transmission of neisseria meningitidis in the meningitis. Kissing, saliva exchange, and transmission of neisseria. The 2,272,351base pair genome of neisseria meningitidis strain mc58 serogroup b, a causative agent of meningitis and septicemia, contains 2158 predicted coding regions, 1158 53. Acute urethritis due to neisseria meningitidis group a. It can be caused by a variety of organisms that include bacteria, fungi or viruses. Quick medical attention is extremely important if meningococcal disease is suspected.
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